Atom Economy Calculator

Your details

Reactant-based divides desired-product mass by total reactant mass (IUPAC standard). Product-based divides by total product mass, useful for analysing selectivity between competing products.
Molar mass of the first reactant (e.g. 138.12 g/mol for salicylic acid, C7H6O3).
g/mol
Stoichiometric coefficient of reactant 1 in the balanced equation.
Molar mass of the second reactant (e.g. 102.09 g/mol for acetic anhydride, C4H6O3).
g/mol
Stoichiometric coefficient of reactant 2 in the balanced equation.
Enable to include a third reactant species (e.g. a catalyst counted stoichiometrically, or a third component in a multi-reactant step).
Molar mass of the product you want (e.g. 180.16 g/mol for aspirin, C9H8O4).
g/mol
Stoichiometric coefficient of the desired product in the balanced equation.
Combine atom economy with your experimental percent yield to compute overall process efficiency and the E-factor (kg waste per kg product).
Atom economyGood atom economy
75%
Desired product mass term180.16g/mol
Total reactant mass240.21g/mol
Mass leaving as by-products60.05g/mol
Waste fraction25%

Atom economy: 75.0% (reactant-based mode).

  • 75.0% of the mass of all reactants ends up in your desired product; 25.0% leaves as other species on paper.
  • Addition and rearrangement reactions score 100% because every atom ends up in one product; substitution and elimination reactions lose atoms as expelled groups.
  • Enable percent yield to compute the E-factor, the mass of waste generated per kilogram of product actually isolated in the lab.

Next stepTo boost atom economy: favour addition, rearrangement, or cycloaddition routes; replace stoichiometric oxidants and reductants with catalytic equivalents; redesign the route to reduce auxiliary reagent contributions.

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