Health guidelines cap daily caffeine differently by group: 400 mg for adults, 200 mg when pregnant, 100 mg for teenagers.
EFSA rates a single dose of 3 mg/kg as safe for all healthy adults. The FDA 400 mg cap corresponds to roughly 5.7 mg/kg for a 70 kg person.
Caffeine is metabolised by the CYP1A2 enzyme. Genetic variation, pregnancy and smoking all shift the half-life significantly.