Dogs lose water through panting during exercise, so active dogs need noticeably more.
Wet and raw foods contain 70-80% moisture. That moisture counts toward daily needs, so your dog drinks less from the bowl.
Puppies have higher metabolic rates and need proportionally more water. Senior dogs may drink less despite health needs, so monitoring is important.
Hot or humid conditions increase needs by about 20% due to panting and higher evaporation.
Pregnant and nursing dogs need roughly 25% more water to support milk production and fetal development.