Your 10,000 grows to 40,387 after 20 years, of which 30,387 is interest.
Compounding means each period earns a return on the prior period's interest, so growth accelerates the longer you stay invested.
Rule of 72: at 7%, money roughly doubles every 10.3 years.
After inflation, that future sum has the buying power of about 22,362 in today's money.
Next stepThis assumes a fixed rate and steady contributions. Real returns vary year to year, and inflation reduces what the future sum can actually buy.