Kaya Identity Calculator

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Total human population. The global figure was roughly 8.0 billion in 2022. For a country, enter its population in billions (e.g. 0.332 for the USA).
billion people
Annual economic output per person in current US dollars. The world average was about 12 500 USD in 2022. Use purchasing-power-parity (PPP) figures for more meaningful cross-country comparisons (PPP world average is roughly 20 000 USD).
USD/person/yr
Primary energy consumed per dollar of GDP. The global average for all primary energy is approximately 1.68 kWh per USD (current USD, 2022). Falling energy intensity means the economy is becoming more energy-efficient.
kWh / USD
CO2 emitted per unit of primary energy. The global average across all primary energy (not just electricity) is about 220 g CO2/kWh in 2022. Note that electricity-only carbon intensity is higher, around 430 g/kWh, because direct fossil-fuel heat use is included in the primary energy denominator.
g CO2 / kWh
Choose a preset to compare against, or select "Custom baseline" to enter your own reference values below.
Total CO2 emissionsHigh (near current global level)
36.96Gt CO2/yr

Annual CO2 from energy and industry (Gt = billion tonnes)

CO2 in billion tonnes36.96billion t
CO2 per person4.62t CO2/person/yr
Baseline CO236.96Gt CO2/yr
Change vs baseline0%
Population factor1
Affluence factor1
Energy intensity factor1
Carbon intensity factor1
Population factor1
Affluence factor1
Energy intensity factor1
Carbon intensity factor1

36.96 Gt CO2/yr, compared with the the 2022 global benchmark.

  • At 36.96 Gt CO2/yr, this scenario emits 36960 million tonnes of CO2 annually.
  • Total emissions are 0.0% above the baseline, driven by the product of all four Kaya factors.

Next stepThe Kaya Identity shows that decarbonisation requires simultaneous progress on energy efficiency and clean-energy deployment, not just one or the other.

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