LDH within normal range i Lactate dehydrogenase. Elevated LDH (above the laboratory upper limit of normal) is associated with significantly worse prognosis. Yes (below upper limit of normal) No (elevated)
Alkaline phosphatase within normal range i Elevated alkaline phosphatase often indicates bone metastatic burden and is a negative prognostic factor. Yes (below upper limit of normal) No (elevated)
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio < 2.5 i NLR is a systemic inflammation marker. A ratio below 2.5 is associated with better outcomes in mCRPC. Yes (NLR < 2.5, favorable) No (NLR >= 2.5, unfavorable)
Gleason score at diagnosis i Gleason grade group correlates with prostate-cancer-specific mortality. Higher scores indicate more aggressive disease. 2-4 (well differentiated) 5 (well-moderate) 6 (moderately differentiated) 7 (moderately-poorly differentiated) 8-10 (poorly differentiated)
Time from initial diagnosis to mCRPC i A shorter time to castration-resistant disease is associated with more aggressive biology and worse prognosis. Short (under 12 months) Medium (12-36 months) Long (over 36 months)
Bone metastases on bone scan i Bone scan metastatic burden: fewer than 10 bone lesions is a favorable factor in the PREVAIL model. None Less than 10 lesions 10 or more lesions
Visceral (liver/lung) metastases i Visceral metastases, especially liver involvement, are strongly associated with worse overall survival in mCRPC. No visceral metastases Lung only Liver (any)
Pain level (0-10 scale) i Pain score at baseline. Low pain (0-1) is a favorable prognostic indicator in the PREVAIL model. 0-1 (minimal / none) 2-4 (moderate) 5+ (significant)
Prior chemotherapy i Post-chemotherapy mCRPC generally has a worse prognosis than chemo-naive disease. No (chemo-naive) Yes (post-docetaxel)