With 5 values and a mean of 5.4, the sum of squared deviations is 93.2.
The sample variance is SS / (n - 1) = 93.2 / 4 = 23.3.
The sample standard deviation is the square root of that: 4.827.
This SS value feeds directly into variance, standard deviation, t-tests, ANOVA, and regression calculations.
Next stepDivide this SS by (n - 1) to get the sample variance, or by n for the population variance. In ANOVA, further break it into SS Between and SS Within.