Universe Expansion Calculator

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Fractional shift in wavelength: z = (lambda_observed - lambda_emitted) / lambda_emitted. A nearby galaxy might have z ~ 0.01; the cosmic microwave background is at z ~ 1100.
The present-day expansion rate. Planck 2020 gives 67.4, the SH0ES team gives 73.0. The default 70 km/s/Mpc is a neutral midpoint.
km/s/Mpc
Fraction of the critical density contributed by matter (baryonic + dark). Planck best fit is 0.315.
Fraction from dark energy (cosmological constant). For a flat universe, Om + Ol = 1. Planck best fit is 0.685.
Load a standard set of cosmological parameters. Planck and SH0ES represent the two sides of the Hubble tension debate.
Recession VelocitySub-luminal recession
132,204km/s

Rate at which the galaxy is receding from us today

Recession Velocity (fraction of c)0.441
Proper Distance1,888.6Mpc
Proper Distance6.16Gly
Comoving Distance1,888.6Mpc
Lookback Time5.04Gyr
Universe Age at Emission8.43Gyr
Current Universe Age13.47Gyr
Scale Factor at Emission (a)0.6667
Hubble Parameter at z91.6km/s/Mpc
0.441 c
Sub-luminal<1Super-luminal1-2Deeply super-luminal2+

Redshift 0.500: an intermediate-distance galaxy, recession approaches the speed of light.

  • The galaxy is about 6.16 billion light-years away from us right now (proper distance), even though the light you detect has been traveling for only 5.04 billion years.
  • When the light left, the universe was 66.7% of its current size (scale factor a = 0.6667).
  • The galaxy is receding at 44.1% of the speed of light, well within the regime where Hubble's simple linear approximation (v = H0 x d) is reasonably accurate.
  • For these cosmological parameters the universe is about 13.47 billion years old.

Next stepTry swapping to the Planck 2020 or SH0ES preset to see how the ongoing Hubble tension affects distance and age estimates at this redshift.

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