VAT Calculator
Add VAT to a net price, strip it out of a gross total, or solve backwards for the net price, the rate or the VAT amount. Choose a country to pre-fill the rate, add a quantity for a line total, and see the net, VAT and gross figures split clearly so you always know which is which.
Formula
Worked example
Add 20% VAT to 100: VAT 20, gross 120. Remove 20% VAT from 120: net 120 / 1.20 = 100, VAT 20. Solve the rate from net 100 and gross 120: (120 - 100) / 100 = 20%.
Adding VAT to a net price
Value Added Tax (VAT) is a consumption tax charged as a percentage of a price. To add VAT, multiply the net (pre-tax) amount by the rate and add it on: a net price of 100 at 20% gains 20 of VAT for a gross price of 120. Equivalently, multiply the net price by (1 + rate), so 100 x 1.20 = 120. Pick your country at the top to pre-fill the standard rate, then override it for reduced or zero-rated goods.
Removing VAT from a gross price
Extracting VAT from a VAT-inclusive total is the step people most often get wrong. You cannot simply subtract the rate, because the rate was applied to the smaller net figure. Instead, divide the gross price by (1 + rate): 120 / 1.20 = 100 net, leaving 20 of VAT. Subtracting 20% of 120 would wrongly give 96. The VAT fraction of a gross price is rate / (1 + rate), so at 20% exactly one sixth of any gross price is VAT.
Solving for the rate or the VAT amount
This calculator works in four directions. Beyond adding and removing VAT, you can recover the VAT rate when you know both the net and gross figures (rate equals the VAT gap divided by the net), or rebuild the net and gross when you only know the VAT amount and the rate (net equals the VAT amount divided by the rate as a decimal). The quantity field multiplies every figure so you can price a line of several identical items at once.
VAT rates and who pays it
VAT rates vary by country and product. The UK standard rate is 20%, with a 5% reduced rate and 0% on many essentials, while EU members set their own standard rates that mostly fall between 17% and 27%. Several countries call the same tax GST. Consumers ultimately bear VAT, but VAT-registered businesses typically reclaim the VAT they pay on purchases, so for them the meaningful figure is the net price.
Standard VAT and GST rates by country (2026)
| Country | Standard rate | Tax name |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 20% | VAT |
| Germany | 19% | VAT |
| France | 20% | VAT |
| Ireland | 23% | VAT |
| Spain | 21% | VAT |
| Italy | 22% | VAT |
| Netherlands | 21% | VAT |
| Sweden | 25% | VAT |
| Australia | 10% | GST |
| New Zealand | 15% | GST |
| Singapore | 9% | GST |
Standard rates only. Many countries also apply reduced and zero rates to specific goods, so confirm the rate for your product.
Frequently asked questions
How do I remove VAT from a total?
Divide the VAT-inclusive total by 1 plus the rate as a decimal. For 20% VAT, divide by 1.20. The result is the net price; the difference between the two is the VAT. Choose "Remove VAT" above and the calculator does this for you.
Can I work out the VAT rate from the net and gross prices?
Yes. Choose "Find the VAT rate" and enter both the net and the gross price. The rate is the VAT amount (gross minus net) divided by the net price, times 100. For example, a net of 100 and a gross of 120 give a 20% rate.
Why can I not just subtract the VAT percentage?
Because the VAT was calculated on the net price, not the gross. Subtracting 20% of the gross removes too much. Dividing by 1.20 correctly reverses the original calculation.
What is the difference between net and gross?
Net is the price before VAT; gross is the price after VAT is added. The gross is what a consumer pays at the till; the net is what a VAT-registered business records as the cost.