Optics And Light calculators
29 calculators Mirror Equation Calculator Solve the mirror and lens equation 1/f = 1/do + 1/di for any unknown. Get image distance, magnification, radius of curvature, image height, and a worked solution.
Open Angular Resolution Calculator Diffraction-limited angular resolution calculator: Rayleigh, Dawes, and Sparrow criteria. Outputs in arcseconds, arcminutes, degrees, and linear resolution at distance.
Open Aperture Area Calculator Calculate lens aperture area from diameter or focal length and f-number. Get instant results in mm, cm, or inches with a step-by-step breakdown and f-stop reference table.
Open Binoculars Range Calculator Calculate the distance to an object using binocular reticle readings, or solve for object size, angular size, exit pupil, and field of view. Metric and imperial.
Open Blackbody Radiation Calculator Calculate peak wavelength (Wien's law), total radiated power (Stefan-Boltzmann), and Planck spectral radiance for any temperature. Includes a spectral chart and worked steps.
Open Bragg's Law Calculator Calculate Bragg diffraction angle, interplanar d-spacing, X-ray wavelength, or diffraction order with unit switching (pm, nm, Angstrom) and a worked step panel.
Open Brewster's Angle Calculator Calculate Brewster's angle for any two media. Instantly find the polarizing angle, Fresnel reflectances (Rs and Rp), refraction angle, and degree of polarization.
Open Contact Lens Vertex Calculator Convert your glasses prescription to contact lens powers instantly. Handles sphere, cylinder, toric lenses, and adjustable vertex distance with step-by-step working.
Open Diffraction Grating Calculator Calculate diffraction angle, wavelength, line density, max order, angular dispersion, and resolving power for any grating. Steps and multi-order chart included.
Open Diopter Calculator Convert between diopters and focal length, solve the thin-lens equation for image distance, compute magnification, combined lens power, and vergence in one free tool.
Open Distance to Horizon Calculator Calculate how far you can see to the horizon from any height. Supports metric and imperial, multiple planets, atmospheric refraction, and reverse solve.
Open Earth Curvature Calculator Calculate the Earth's curvature drop, hidden height of distant objects, and horizon distance. Includes atmospheric refraction, metric and imperial units.
Open Index of Refraction Calculator Solve Snell's law for refraction angle, incidence angle, or refractive index. Includes critical angle, phase velocity, 18 material presets, and step-by-step math.
Open Laser Beam Divergence Calculator Calculate laser beam divergence half-angle, Rayleigh range, beam radius, and Beam Parameter Product. Supports Gaussian beam physics and the two-diameter method.
Open Laser Beam Expander Calculator Calculate output beam diameter, divergence, magnification and lens separation for Galilean and Keplerian beam expanders. Covers both design modes with worked steps.
Open Laser Beam Spot Size Calculator Calculate focused laser beam spot size, depth of field, Rayleigh range, and beam radius. Supports M2 beam quality, multiple unit systems, and step-by-step math.
Open Laser Brightness Calculator Calculate laser brightness from power, beam waist and divergence. Find required power, max divergence, M2 beam quality, fiber coupling efficiency and etendue.
Open Laser Linewidth and Bandwidth Calculator Convert laser bandwidth between wavelength (nm) and frequency (GHz), calculate coherence time, coherence length, and quality factor. Free physics calculator.
Open Lens Maker Equation Calculator Calculate focal length and optical power from lens radii and refractive index. Supports thin and thick lens modes with material presets and a sign-convention guide.
Open Lumen Calculator - Lumen to Lux to Candela Convert lumens to lux to candela instantly. Six photometric modes: choose your known values and get luminous flux, intensity, and illuminance with step-by-step math.
Open Lux to Foot Candles Converter Convert lux to foot candles (fc) or foot candles to lux instantly. Exact formula, worked example, IES-recommended levels by room type, and a full reference table.
Open Malus's Law Calculator Calculate transmitted light intensity using Malus's law. Enter initial intensity and polarizer angle to find I = I0 cos²(theta). Reverse-solve for angle or source intensity.
Open Radar Horizon Calculator Calculate radar horizon distance and maximum target detection range with atmospheric refraction (4/3 Earth model). Supports metric, imperial, and nautical units.
Open Snell's Law Calculator: Refraction Angle, Refractive Index and Critical Angle Solve Snell's law for refraction angle, incidence angle, or refractive index. Computes critical angle, TIR check, speed ratio, and shows full step-by-step working.
Open Speed of Light Calculator Calculate light travel time, distance covered, or speed in any medium. Supports vacuum, water, glass, fibre and diamond with full unit conversion.
Open Telescope Field of View Calculator: Magnification, Exit Pupil & Image Scale Calculate your telescope's true field of view, magnification, exit pupil, image scale, and limiting magnitude from focal length, aperture, and eyepiece data.
Open Telescope Magnification Calculator: Eyepiece, Exit Pupil, Field of View Calculate telescope magnification, exit pupil, true field of view, resolving power, and limiting magnitude. Works with any eyepiece, Barlow, or focal reducer.
Open Thin-Film Optical Coating Calculator Calculate thin-film optical coating reflectance, OPD, s and p polarization, interference type, and minimum anti-reflective coating thickness using Fresnel equations.
Open Thin Lens Equation Calculator Solve the thin lens equation (1/do + 1/di = 1/f) for focal length, object or image distance, and magnification. Shows your work, image type, and orientation.
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